What is Bandwidth?

Bandwidth is the maximum rate of data transfer across a given wired connection. In other word it is refer as the amount of data that can transfer from one point to another point in a certain period of time.  Bandwidth is used to refer an analog signal bandwidth which is measured in Hertz. Bandwidth may be characterized as network bandwidth, data bandwidth, or digital bandwidth.

The below table shows some maximum bandwidth of common internet access technologies.

Bandwidth

Connection Type

56 KB/s Modem / Dialup
1.5 MB/s ADSL Lite
1.544 MB/s T1/DS1
2.048 MB/s E1 / E-carrier
4 MB/s ADSL1
10 MB/s Ethernet
11 MB/s Wireless 802.11b
24 MB/s ADSL2+
44.74 MB/s T3/DS3
54 MB/s Wireless 802.11g
100 MB/s Fast Ethernet
155 MB/s OC3
600 MB/s Wireless 802.11n
622 MB/s OC12
1 GB/s Gigabit Ethernet
1.3 GB/s Wireless 802.11ac
2.5 GB/s OC48
5 GB/s SuperSpeed USB
7 GB/s Wireless 802.11ad
9.6 GB/s OC192
10 GB/s 10 Gigabit Ethernet,
SuperSpeed USB 10 GB/s
20 GB/s SuperSpeed USB 20 GB/s
40 GB/s Thunderbolt 3
100 GB/s 100 Gigabit Ethernet

Wi-Fi

It is a registered (trademark) of an non-profit organization known as Wi-Fi Alliance, that's restricts the use of the Terms & Condition of Wi-Fi Certified to Products that successfully complete data transfer certification testing.

Wi-Fi is a wireless network protocols, that runs on (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)IEEE 802.11 standards, which uses a LAN (Local are Networking) of devices and Internet connection, to exchange an information within it's range with help of radio waves.

Wi-Fi station (devices) communicate with each other by sending data packets (i.e., blocks of data) individually sent and delivered with help of radio wave. This is done by modulating and demodulation of carrier waves. As different versions of Wi-Fi  uses different techniques like  802.11b uses DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) on a single carrier signal interface, whereas 802.11a uses OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) for Wi-Fi 4, 5, and 6 as multiple carriers on slightly different frequencies.


Wi-fi Generations

Generation

IEEE
Standards

Maximum Linkrate
(Mbit/s)

Adopted

Radio Frequency
(GHz)

Wi-Fi 802.11 1 to 2 1997 2.4
Wi-Fi 1 802.11b 1 to 11 1999 2.4
Wi-Fi 2 802.11a 6 to 54 1999 5
Wi-Fi 3 802.11g 6 to 54 2003 2.4
Wi-Fi 4 802.11n 72 to 600 2008 2.4/5
Wi-Fi 5 802.11ac 433 to 6933 2014 5
Wi-Fi 6 802.11ax 600 to 9608 2019 2.4/5
Wi-Fi 6E 802.11ax 600 to 9608 2020 6

What is Waveband?

The IEEE Standard 802.11 provides various type of definite radio frequency which ranges for use in Wi-Fi bands are as follows :-
  1. 900Mhz
  2. 2.4Ghz
  3. 3.6Ghz
  4. 4.9Ghz
  5. 5.0Ghz
  6. 5.9Ghz
  7. 6.0Ghz
The mobile devices mainly uses and Wi-Fi which uses Radio frequency of 2.4Ghz & 5.0Ghz. Now a days 6.0Ghz Wi-Fi router are available.

How to increase Wi-Fi Performance (Speed)?

  1. Most easy way is if you are using wireless Wi-Fi shift to LAN connection as wired connection of less loss to input signal.
  2. Check your router IP address.
  3. Always change your router default password as it's easy to hack.
  4. Use always latest router device.
  5. If you are facing technical difficulty always first try to restart the router.
  6. You can also pullout LAN wire from router.
Wi-Fi operational range depends on factors such as the Frequency band, Power output, receiver sensitivity, antenna type and antenna intake capacity, modulation technique. By using higher quality of above mentioned equipment the you can increase your Wi-Fi network speed. Propagation characteristics of the signals can has a great effect on connectivity.

What is Propagation?

The propagation in Wi-Fi signals or any other mobile networks is line of sight that mainly works at its best level, but signals can be absorbed, transmit, diffraction, reflecting, refracting, and fading which is caused by surrounding super structures that reduces the frequency from a sender. The Wi-Fi signal commonly get affected by the metals like steel, iron bars that are used in construction of building etc.